Ultraviolet germicidal lamp for water purification: principles of operation and application
29 Apr, 2024
By hqt
In this article, we will look at how a germicidal water purification lamp is used to ensure the safety and cleanliness of water resources.
The working principle of the ultraviolet germicidal lamp
Ultraviolet (UV) germicidal lamps work on the principle of destroying the genetic material of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. Here are the basic steps of how these lamps work:
UV Light Emission: UV germicidal lamps produce UV light in the wavelength range of 100 to 280 nm, commonly referred to as UV-C. This range has the highest energy and ability to destroy the DNA and RNA of microorganisms.
UV Light Absorption: When UV light hits microbial cells, it is absorbed and interacts with the DNA and RNA inside those cells.
Damage to genetic material: UV light causes structural changes in the DNA and RNA of microorganisms, which leads to their damage and disruption of functioning.
Incorrect copying and reproduction: Damaged DNA and RNA of microorganisms can lead to incorrect copying and reproduction of genetic information during cell division.
Death of Microorganisms: After several cycles of division, microorganisms may die due to the inability to maintain vital functions due to damaged genetic material.
It is important to note that the effectiveness of UV germicidal lamps depends on several factors, such as the intensity of the radiation, the time of irradiation, the distance from the radiation source to the target, and the level of surface cleanliness. UV germicidal lamps are often used to disinfect air, water, and surfaces in a variety of applications, including healthcare facilities, the food industry, public buildings, and homes.
How UV Light Kills Microorganisms in Water
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is used to disinfect water by killing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi. The process of killing microorganisms in water using UV radiation is as follows:
UV Absorption: UV radiation produced by UV lamps is absorbed by microorganism cells when water passes through the irradiated area.
DNA Damage: Absorbed UV radiation affects the DNA of microorganisms, causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers such as thymine dimers, which disrupt the DNA structure and prevent the cell from functioning properly.
Blocked reproduction: Damaged DNA of microorganisms prevents normal reproduction of cells. As a result, microorganisms lose their ability to divide and grow.
Destruction of microorganisms: After irradiation, microorganisms can be destroyed or rendered incapable of causing infections.
It is important to note that for effective disinfection of water using UV radiation, it is necessary to correctly select parameters such as radiation intensity, irradiation time and the optimal distance between UV lamps and water. In addition, the water must be pre-treated to remove contaminants and solid particles to avoid their absorption of UV radiation and to ensure uniform irradiation of all microorganisms in the water.
Technological aspects and mechanism of action of UV lamps
The technological aspects and mechanism of action of ultraviolet (UV) lamps play an important role in their effectiveness in disinfection and sterilization. Here are some key aspects and mechanisms of action of UV lamps:
UV Light Emission: UV lamps generate UV light, which is generally divided into three main types: UVA (wavelength 315 to 400 nm), UVB (wavelength 280 to 315 nm), and UVC (wavelength 100 to 280 nm). UVC has the highest energy and the greatest ability to destroy the DNA of microorganisms, making it the primary type of UV light for disinfection and sterilization.
Disinfection of DNA of microorganisms: UV-C radiation interacts with DNA and RNA of microorganisms, causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers (especially thymine dimers). These changes in the structure of DNA and RNA interfere with the normal functioning of the cell and its ability to replicate (copy) genetic information.
Damage to bacterial cells: UV radiation can also cause direct damage to structures inside bacterial cells, including proteins and lipids, resulting in the death of the microorganisms.
Effect on viruses: UV-C radiation effectively destroys viruses, as they also contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), which can be damaged by UV radiation.
Use of Quartz Enclosures: Many UV lamps have quartz enclosures that allow UV light to pass through but protect the environment from harmful radiation.
Intensity and duration of irradiation: The effectiveness of UV disinfection depends on the intensity of UV radiation and the duration of irradiation. The higher the intensity and duration of irradiation, the more effective the disinfection process.
The technological aspects and mechanisms of action of UV lamps make them an effective and widely used method for disinfecting water, air and surfaces in various fields such as medicine, food industry, public buildings and domestic premises.
Selecting and installing an ultraviolet lamp for water
Selecting and installing an ultraviolet (UV) water disinfection lamp requires some attention to detail to ensure effective disinfection and safety of use. Here are some key steps to take when selecting and installing a UV water lamp:
Determine the needs: Determine the volume of water to be disinfected and the level of disinfection required. For example, water systems in homes, public buildings, and industrial facilities may have different disinfection needs.
Choose the right power: UV lamps come in different powers, which determine their ability to disinfect water. Make sure the power you choose matches your needs and disinfection requirements.
Choose the right lamp type: UV lamps can be used to disinfect drinking water, swimming pool water, water treatment systems, etc. Make sure the lamp you choose is suitable for the specific water type and conditions of use.
Install the system correctly: UV lamps are usually installed in special housings through which water passes for disinfection. Install the system according to the manufacturer’s instructions and make sure that all connections are tight and safe.
Regularly maintain and check: To maintain effective disinfection, regularly inspect and maintain your UV system. This may include replacing lamps and filters, cleaning housings, and checking for leaks.
Please note safety: UV radiation can be dangerous to eyes and skin. Make sure the system is equipped with appropriate safety mechanisms, such as protective covers and circuit breakers when opening the case.
When selecting and installing a UV lamp for water, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult with professionals if you have questions or concerns about the proper installation and use of the system.
How to choose the right UV lamp for home or industrial use
When choosing the right ultraviolet (UV) lamp for your home or industrial use, there are several key factors to consider. Here are some of them:
Type of application: Determine for what purposes you are going to use the UV lamp. For example, for water disinfection, air disinfection, surface sterilization or other purposes.
Power and intensity of radiation: UV lamps differ in power and intensity of radiation. Choose a lamp that corresponds to the required level of disinfection and the size of the area being treated.
UV Wavelength: UV radiation is divided into three main types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC has the highest energy and ability to destroy the DNA of microorganisms, so it is often used for disinfection.
Lamp Size and Shape: Choose a lamp that matches the size and configuration of the room or surface you are disinfecting. For example, there are compact UV lamps for home use and larger lamps for industrial use.
Reliability and Durability: Research the reputation and quality of the UV lamp manufacturer. Choose lamps from reliable and proven brands with a good reputation.
Control System and Safety: Make sure that the germicidal water purification lamp you choose is equipped with a control system that ensures safe and effective use. This may include timers, safety sensors, and other features.
Cost and Budget: Consider the cost of the lamp and its operating costs when choosing. Also consider possible additional costs such as lamp replacement and maintenance.
Selecting the right germicidal lamp for water purification depends on the specific needs and requirements of your project. It is recommended to conduct thorough research and consult with professionals in the field of disinfection and sterilization before purchasing.
Recommendations for installation and maintenance of UV water purification system
Proper installation and maintenance of an ultraviolet (UV) water purification system significantly affects its efficiency and durability. Here are some recommendations for installing and maintaining a UV water purification system:
Installation:
Install the UV system in the area where the water will be treated before use.
Ensure the system is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and local building codes.
Provide access to the system for maintenance and lamp replacement.
Water preparation:
Before water enters the UV purification system, make sure that it has been pre-cleaned to remove solid particles and contaminants.
Install filters or other pre-treatment systems if necessary.
Service:
Check the condition of the water purification germicidal lamp regularly and replace it according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. This usually happens every 9-12 months, as the intensity of the lamp’s radiation decreases over time.
Check system operation and monitor its efficiency using safety indicators or sensors.
Clean the system’s quartz shells and other components regularly to prevent scale build-up and ensure uniform UV penetration.
Safety:
When servicing the system, ensure that it is turned off and disconnected from the power supply to prevent possible injury.
Use protective equipment such as gloves and goggles when handling UV lamps and other system components.
Replacing filters and other components:
Replace filters and other system components as necessary according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Remember to maintain optimal system operating conditions to ensure its efficiency.
By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your UV water purification system operates reliably and efficiently. It is also important to consult with the manufacturer or a specialist regularly for additional advice and support when needed.
